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The 7-Keto-DHEA THP Ether/Diether Factor
The Green Tea Factor
The Bergenin Factor
The Hordenine Factor
The Evodiamine Factor
The Coleus Factor
The 7-Keto-DHEA THP Ether/Diether Factor
7-Keto-DHEA THP ether/diether (3-THP ether-7-keto-dehydroepiandrosterone/3,17-THP diether-7-keto-dehydroepiandrosterone) is a naturally occurring metabolite of the hormone DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) with the addition of the THP ether/diether improved bioavailability system. In the human body, 7-Keto-DHEA is not directly converted into testosterone or estrogen. Because of this unique characteristic, 7-Keto-DHEA can be looked upon as a "non-androgenic" version of DHEA. It is also a fantastic compound for fat loss because it has a noted thermogenic effect. Published studies demonstrate 7-Keto-DHEA can enhance thermogenesis, which may translate into weight or fat loss. 7-Keto-DHEA used in obese adults between 25 to 55 years of age has been shown to enhance weight loss, aid in the reduction of body fat and effect thyroid hormone levels in one clinical study. This same two-month study also demonstrated that 7-Keto does not significantly effect blood sugar, testosterone, estradiol, liver or kidney function. Another study showed that using 7-Keto-DHEA for 8 weeks does not effect dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, cortisol and insulin levels in men 18-49 years of age. Several animal studies have demonstrated that 7-Keto-DHEA, like other anabolic hormones, can induce thermogenic enzymes. 7-Keto-DHEA appears to be safe in doses of up to 200mg per day. The two human trials to date have not shown any androgenic or estrogenic effects of high dose supplementation. The addition of the THP ether and diether to the 7-Keto-DHEA molecule makes the compound more lipophilic and allows for better and faster absorption from the gut into the blood stream and lymph systems. Since studies have shown that lipophilic derivatives of hormones are absorbed mostly intact when taken orally, the addition of the THP ether and diether also increase the duration for which 7-Keto-DHEA remains in the blood and tissues.
Ketoburn7™ contains 25mg of 7-Keto-DHEA THP ether/diether per capsule and is currently the only food supplement on the market licensed to contain this unique and special version of the 7-Keto-DHEA molecule.
7-Keto-DHEA THP ether/diether is a patent pending compound of Therachem, LLC
References
The Effects of the Ergosteroid 3-Acetyl-7-Oxo-Dehydroepiandrosterone on mitochondrial membrane potential: possible relationship to thermogenesis. Bobyleva, Bellei, Kneer, and Lardy. - Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. 341, No. 1, May 1, pp. 122-128, 1997
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effects of Exercise Plus 3-Acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone on Body Composition and the Endocrine System in Overweight Adults. Colker, Torina, Swain, Kalman. - Journal of Exercise Physiology online, ISSN 1097-9751, Volume 2, Number 4, October 1999.
Clinical Safety and Endocrine Effects of 3-Acetyl-7-Oxo-Dehydroepiandrosterone. Davidson, Weeks, Lardy, Maki, Umporowicz Presented at Experimental Biology 98, April 19-22, 1998, San Francisco, CA.
Ergosteroids: Induction of thermogenic enzymes in liver of rats treated with steroids derived from DHEA. Lardy, Partridge, Kneer and Wei - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., Vol. 92, pp. 6617-6619, July 1999
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The Green Tea Factor
By now you have probably heard that drinking green tea (Camellia Sinensis) is good for your health, but you may not be exactly sure how, why, or what green tea actually does. To quickly name just a few of the possible benefits, there are studies that strongly suggest that the constituents found in green tea may reduce the risk of cancer, prevent tooth decay, fight the flu virus, lower high blood sugar, lower blood cholesterol, and have an antibacterial action against food born illnesses. Studies show that green tea contains antioxidants, polyphenols, as well as a wide variety of vitamins and minerals. One special group of naturally occurring chemicals contained in green tea are called "catechins" and one of these catechins is what's of most interest to people trying to lose weight. In fact, the Green Tea used in the Ketoburn7™ formula is a very special and rare type of greet tea that is decaffeinated to prevent the user from becoming "twitchy or jittery" and contains the highest amounts of a unique catechin called epigallocatechin gallate (or ECGC) sold today.
ECGC has been shown to increase thermogenesis (heat production) in certain fat cells and even works synergistically with other herbs to improve their lipolytic effects. ECGC and other green tea catechins have been shown to decrease the effects of something called "the catechol-o-methyl-transferase enzyme" which is responsible for destroying certain adrenergic hormones which help to cause or increase the rate of thermogenesis and fat metabolism. It has been positively documented in a clinical study that ECGC and other catechins found in Green Tea can help increase thermogenesis and the rate and amount of lipolysis (fat loss).
The Special Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract found in Ketoburn7 is standardized for 90% catechins and 60% EGCG content - the highest possible catechin/ECGC content of any decaffeinated green tea sold in the world today. And since Ketoburn7™ contains 100mg per capsule, no other fat loss product sold today contains more ECGC per tablet or capsule than Ketoburn7™.
References
Catechol-o-methyl-transferase: structure-activity relationship for inhibition by flavonoids. Borchardt RT, Huber JA. J Med Chem (1975) 18:120-2
Physiologically-active plant foods: An overview. Proc Nutr Soc (1996) 55:371-84
Efficacy of green tea extract rich in catechin polysphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Dullo A., Duret C et al. Am J Clin Nutr (1999) 70:1040-5
Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity. Dulloo A. Seydoux J et al. Int J Obes (2000) 24:252-58
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The Bergenin Factor
Bergenin belongs to a family of compounds called coumarins/isocoumarin. These special compounds can be found in many different plant types all over the Asiatic and Indian sub-continent. Most notably, bergenin is found in Siberian Tea (Bergenia crassifolia), Ostrich Plume (Astilbe thunbergii) and the Marlberry Bush (Ardisia japonica). Bergenin has a long history both in Indian (Ayuverdic) and traditional Asian herbal medicine, where it has been successfully used to treat a variety of cardiac and bronchial conditions, as well as treating obesity. Much like the EGCG found in Green Tea, bergenin has also been shown to be increase the lipolytic action of other compounds acting on the adrenergic system. Studies have confirmed that while the compound itself does not directly stimulate lipolysis or have measurable adrenergic activity; it markedly increases lipolysis caused by adrenergic hormones such as norepinephrine, and even opposes the lipogenic (fat building) actions of the hormone insulin. All of the exact ways by which bergenin is useful in treating obesity are not entirely known at this time, but some of the known methods involve increased norepinephrine binding to fat cells and the inhibition or blocking of the PPAR-gamma receptor which is responsible for the accumulation of fat and maturation of fat cells. Ketoburn7™ contains 50mg of ultra-high quality bergenin extract in each capsule; no other fat burning formula on the market today contains more bergenin per capsule than Ketoburn7™
References
Norepinephrine-augmenting lipolytic effectors from Astilbe thunbergii rhizomes. Han LK, Ninomiya H, Taniguchi M, Baba K, Kimura Y, Okuda H. J Nat Prod 1998 Aug;61(8):1006-11
Bergenin is the antiarrhythmic principle of Fluggea virosa. Pu HL, Huang X, Zhao JH, Hong A. Planta Med 2002 Apr;68(4):372-4
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The Hordenine Factor
Hordenine is an alkaloid occurring naturally in grains, sprouting barley, and many types of grasses. It is a close chemical cousin of the compound "tyramine" a trace amine found in the human body and many foods such as wine and aged cheese. Hordenine is also found in certain cactus species native to Arizona and Mexico.
Hordenine is (indirectly) an adrenergic compound that will set free other lipolytic compounds in the body, most notably norepipnephrine, from their storage pools. Additionally and of quite importance, hordenine increases peripheral blood flow volume and inhibits gut movements. Because it essentially "slows down" the gastrointestinal tract, hordenine should dramatically decrease appetite between meals and should cause a decrease in the amount of food eaten during a meal as it should cause a feeling of "satiety" or "early fullness" It is also probably, although not yet conclusively proven, that hordenine should produce a very noticeable decrease in appetite in the same manner that older anorectics do (e.g. amphetamine salts, and perhaps L-phenylpropanolamine) due to it's effects on the central nervous system and likely effects on the dopaminergic and mono-amine oxidase systems (hordenine seems to be a better substrate for MAO-B than MAO-A which will lead to an increase in endogenous dopamine levels). You may occasionally hear that tech-savvy, "science guy" types have experimented with and successfully used dopaminergic compounds like cabergoline and bromocriptine to "reset the set point" in their brains, that is to say, they use these compounds to "trick" the body into thinking that the new (and we would obviously assume 'lower') bodyweight is the "ideal weight" so that when the individual stops using these compounds and/or stops dieting or attempting to lose weight, the brain will not try to "compensate" for this change in diet/loss of weight in seeking weight gain. Essentially, these type of compounds reset your brain's set point to think that whatever weight you are at currently is the weight you should be forever. It is very likely that hordenine will work in a similar way making hordenine the first and only food supplement that not only assists the user in losing weight while taking it but assists the user in keeping that weight off after the user tops taking the compound. No other supplement works in this manner, which of course, makes hordenine unique and incredibly useful as a fat loss agent.
References
Cactus alkaloids. XXXI. beta-Phenethylamines and tetrahydroisoquinolines from the Mexican cactus dolichothele uberiformis. Ranieri RL, McLaughlin JL.
Lloydia. 1977 Mar-Apr;40(2):173-7.
Cactus alkaloids. XXXIV. Hordenine HCL from Coryphantha vivipara var. arizonica.
Howe RC, Ranieri RL, Statz D, McLaughlin JL.
Planta Med. 1977 May;31(3):294-6.
Deamination of hordenine by monoamine oxidase and its action on vasa deferentia of the rat.
J Pharm Pharmacol. Barwell CJ, Basma AN, Lafi MA, Leake LD. 1989 Jun;41(6):421-3.
Hordenine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and behavioural effects in the horse.
Frank M, Weckman TJ, Wood T, Woods WE, Tai CL, Chang SL, Ewing A, Blake JW, Tobin T. Equine Vet J. 1990 Nov;22(6):437-41.
Pharmacological effects of hordenine
Hapke HJ, Strathmann W.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1995 Jun;102(6):228-32.
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The Evodiamine Factor
Evodiamine is a compound extracted from the Evodia rutaecarpa plant (also known as referred to as a "hot nature" herb in Chinese literature). Evodiamine is known as a vanilloid receptor agonist with activities comparable to capsaicin/hot pepper although evodiamine has no perceptible taste, including a peppery hot taste.
What makes evodiamine a fascinating weight loss/control compound is that it works in at least three different ways to help the user lose weight/fat. Evodiamine increases thermogenesis, but unlike traditionally thermogenics such as ephedrine, caffeine and synephrine, evodiamine also causes vasodilation. So evodiamine induces heat loss through vasodilation and heat production through thermogenesis at the same time which will dissipate food energy, preventing the accumulation fat around the waist line and over all body weight increase.
The third way in which evodiamine is useful in weight loss and control is evodiamine, much like hordenine although by a completely different mechanism, slows stomach emptying and increases plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) - in addition to slowing gastric/stomach emptying, CCK inhibits food intake as it one of the naturally occurring peptides that is secreted by the gastrointestinal tract to tell the brain "stop eating". Thus through it's CCK increasing mechanism(s), evodiamine also "tricks" the user into eating less and feeling fuller.
Each capsule of Ketoburn7 contains 15mg of the highest quality evodiamine currently available for sale.
References
Capsaicin-like anti-obese activities of evodiamine from fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, a vanilloid receptor agonist. Kobayashi Y, Nakano Y, Kizaki M, Hoshikuma K, Yokoo Y, Kamiya T.
Planta Med. 2001 Oct;67(7):628-33.
Thermoregulatory effects of alkaloids isolated from Wu-chu-yu in afebrile and febrile rats. Tsai TH, Lee TF, Chen CF, Wang LC.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1995 Feb;50(2):293-8.
Effects of evodiamine on gastrointestinal motility in male rats. Wu CL, Hung CR, Chang FY, Lin LC, Pau KY, Wang PS.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Dec 20;457(2-3):169-76.
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The Coleus Factor
Coleus is the abbreviated name for the Indian and traditional Ayuverdic medicinal herb, Coleus Forskohlii which is an important cardiac and bronchial remedy that has been a part of Indian and Thai medicine for many centuries. Part of the mint family, scientists researching Coleus isolated the most active ingredient in the herb and named it "forskolin". Forskolin is actually an extract from the roots of the herb which has been shown to directly activate the a type of enzyme called adenylate cyclase and raises Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) levels in a variety of tissues, including fatty tissues. In fatty tissues, increasing cAMP levels in turn activates another enzyme called "hormone sensitive lipase" which will cause the breakdown of stored fat into fatty acids which are then free to be liberated into the blood stream and used as an energy source by the liver. Coleus reduces adipose assimilation, increases lypolysis (breakdown of stored fat) and thyroid hormone production and release. As such, Coleus can be a very helpful aid in fat loss. One of the overlooked benefits of forskolin includes its stimulation of digestive enzymes, which can allow individuals to digest and assimilate their food better. It has also been shown to increase nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
Each capsule of Ketoburn7™ contains 15mg of the highest quality Coleus extract available.
References
Effects of lipolytic and antilipolytic agents on glucose transport in human fat cells. Arner P, Goldinger M, Marcus C, Engfeldt P. -Int J Obes. 1991 May;15(5):327-31.
Forskolin potentiates isoprenaline-induced glycerol output and local blood flow in human adipose tissue in vivo. Enoksson S, Blaak E, Arner P. - Pharmacol Toxicol. 1997 Nov;81(5):214-8.
Adipose tissue metabolism in young and middle-aged men after control for total body fatness. Imbeault P, Prud'Homme D, Tremblay A, Despres JP, Mauriege P. - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul;85(7):2455-62.
beta-adrenoceptor-stimulated lipolysis of subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes as a determinant of fat oxidation in obese men. Imbeault P, Tremblay A, Despres J, Mauriege P. - Eur J Clin Invest. 2000 Apr;30(4):290-6.
Hormone-sensitive lipase expression and activity in relation to lipolysis in human fat cells. Large V, Arner P, Reynisdottir S, Grober J, Van Harmelen V, Holm C, Langin D. - J Lipid Res. 1998 Aug;39(8):1688-95.
Antilipolytic effects of insulin and adenylate cyclase inhibitors on isolated human fat cells. Lonnqvist F, Wennlund A, Arner P. - Int J Obes. 1989;13(2):137-46.
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